Investigation and early claims
Parties may gather records, identify coverage, preserve evidence, and exchange information. A claim can resolve during this stage, but negotiations do not necessarily pause a filing deadline.
Pleadings and service
A lawsuit usually begins with a complaint or petition and formal service under the forum’s rules. Defendants may answer, challenge the pleading, or assert other parties and defenses.
Discovery and motions
Written questions, document requests, depositions, examinations, experts, and court motions may develop or narrow the issues. The sequence varies with court rules and case-management orders.
Resolution paths
Negotiation and mediation can occur before or during litigation. If the parties do not resolve the dispute, a judge or jury may decide contested issues, followed by post-trial procedures or appeal.